Environmental Health Research On Humans - Ethical Issues

Environmental Health Research on Humans – Ethical Issues Since the United States approved the regulations that controls the research on human subjects in 1970s, there have been many discussions and arguments concerning this approval on research on humans; the issues focuses clinical research like the risk management, the use of substances (drugs) with no therapeutic effect – placebos in a group, selecting random sample of a population, informed consent, adverse events and investigation on susceptible populations. â€Å" Most of those controversial researches no human subjects were the Department of Energy’s secret human radiation experimental exercise, HIV research in developed countries, and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study have been about medical†¦show more content†¦The environmental health research that involves humans is divided into observational and experimental. The first is a method of studies that collects information about human subjects in the natural environment; while the later deals with collecting informa tion on human subjects in a controlled condition. The design that is frequently used in observational research includes case-control studies, group studies, and cross-sectional studies and this design is mostly used in epidemiological and medical research. Under the case-control study, the investigators gather information on the environmental exposures of these groups of people with disease over a specific period of time and those people with similarity to the cases which do not have the disease in question. The group study investigators would follow one with particular characteristics like environmental exposure for a long time that ranges from 10 years or more, and the investigators would also follow the other comparison group who do not have the characteristics. And â€Å"in these studies, the investigators is attempting to determine if observed group differences between the groups, e.g. cases vs. cohort vs. control, are due to

Disadvantages of Business Process Outsourcing Essay

In the recent decade, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has become a usual business phenomenon from a new business strategy in the bank industry around the world. Banks are increasingly outsourcing more activities to third parties and relying more heavily on vendors now more than ever before. (Deloitte, 2012) The Swiss bank UBS is not an exception. Since UBS set up the UBS India Service Centre in Hyderabad in 2006, parts of its back-office and middle-office functions have been outsourced to lower-cost places during the following years, such as India, China, Philippine and Poland. Most recent news says that UBS will begin outsourcing its fixed income trading platform to two technology groups in an attempt to save costs. (Reuters, 2014)†¦show more content†¦BPO that is contracted outside a companys country is called offshore outsourcing (Tas, J. Sunder, S. , 2004) Offshore outsourcing represents one aspect of how globalization is occurring in the current economies. Globalization is the interdependency of transportation, distribution, communication, and economic networks across international borders. (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske, 2009) It means that the labor supply market is globalized and that cross-cultural management can become essential and more important than ever before. BPO is not simply moving jobs to a distant country and starting saving cost right away. BPO in the banking industry requires bank to provide on-site training, which normally takes from three months to a full year. (Overby, 2003) The training is a knowledge transfer process from one organization to another, which is necessary and critical to make sure the work can be transferred from onshore to offshore people smoothly. It’s a significant stage of outsourcing implementation, which may determine outsourcing will be a success or not. Below case shows how the offshore outsourcing is occurring during the implementation stage. Team A is UBS investment banking operations located in UK. It is planed to be offshore outsourced to an external company located in a foreign country. A team of offshore workers came to UK and started to learn tasks sitting beside their onshore partnersShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing888 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Outsourcing is an allocation of specific business processes to a specialist external service provider. Most of the times an organization cannot handle all aspects of a business process internally. Additionally some processes are temporary and the organization does not intend to hire in-house professionals to perform the tasks. Once the task is outsourced to the service provider, he will take the responsibility of carrying out the tasks and maintainingRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing1442 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing in the global marketplace? In these times of great globalization where many countries have erased their borders when it comes to trade outsourcing has become an option for many companies. Whether or not to outsource is a key question that companies must consider. According to the Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, â€Å"The decision to outsource or not is a matter of finding the right balance-the balance between managing labor costs, workflow, employeeRead MoreOutsourcing And Its Advantages For A Company1225 Words   |  5 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Outsourcing can have more disadvantages for a company if the company does not take major precautions before proceeding. The purpose of this report is to (1) identify major IT outsourcing risks. (2) How to minimize the risk to out rule the disadvantages. 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There are also some disadvantages like lack of quality control, loss of some management functions and losing the ability to buildRead MoreOutsourcing At Schaeffer : Outsourcing1707 Words   |  7 Pages Case Study 1 : Outsourcing at Schaeffer Gayathri Kadiyala Wilmington University TABLE OF CONTENTS Outsourcing definition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Concept of outsourcing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Outsourcing at Schaeffer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Outsourcing: Outsourcing is a process of a company obtaining the services from an outside vendor. 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Outsourcing has its advantages and disadvantages that organizations will have to weigh to decide whether or not outsourcing is the best possible solution to their current problems and business operations. Outsourcing refers to the process of hiring external provider to operate on a business or organization function (Venture Outsource, 2012). In this caseRead MoreOutsourcing HR: Assignment Instructions1175 Words   |  5 Pagescontractor to perform these functions for your company, you will be able to dictate only the results you wish to achieve. How to complete the tasks for you will be the prerogative of the contractor. Step 3 Evaluate the costs and benefits of outsourcing each task you are considering. This means conducting research on what a qualified contractor will charge to effectively perform the task on a regular basis. Then, you need to balance this cost against the impact the task has on your HR department

People and Civilizations of the Americas Free Essays

People and Civilizations of the Americas An ancient civilization called Mesoamerican of the Maya developed a written language which enabled scribes to record the important actions of rulers and military events. One of the scribes was called the Mayan Scribe. The Mayan Scribe used a complex writing system to record religious concepts and memorializes the actions of their kings. We will write a custom essay sample on People and Civilizations of the Americas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lady WacChanil-Ahau, the Maya princess, mounted a litter decorated with rich textiles and animal skins. The Mayans had a urban center called Dos Pilas. Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau’s destination was the Maya city of Naranjo, where she married a powerful nobleman. Her marriage was eliminated when the regions major military power Caracol, had defeated Naranjo. K’ ak Tiliw Chan Chaak, the son of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau, ascended the throne of Naranjo as a five-year-old in 693 C. E . Chaak was a prodigious builder, leaving behind an expanded and beautified capital as part of his legacy. He erected numerous carved stone monuments called stelae celebrated her life. The defeat of the city-states of Tikal and Naranjo by Caracol undermined long-standing commercial and political relations in much of southern Mesoamerica and led to more than a centaury of conflict. Caracol was challenged by the dynasty created at Dos Pilas by the heirs of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau. The two shared culture and religion, the great Maya cities stayed divided by the dynastic ambitions of their rulers and by the competition for resources. The people of the Americas were in constant competition for resources as the story of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau’s marriage and her role in the development of the Maya dynasty suggested them. Member’s elites organized their societies to meet these challenges, even as their ambition for greater power predictably ignited new conflicts. No single set of political institutions or technologies worked in every environment, and enormous cultural diversity existed in the ancient Americas. Mesoamerica, which is Mexico and northern Central America and the Andean region extraordinarily productive and diversified agriculture. Cities were built that rivaled the capital of the Chinese and Roman Empire in size and beauty. The rest of the hemisphere, indigenous peoples adapted combinations of hunting and agriculture to maintain a wide variety of settlement patters, political forms, and cultural traditions. All cultures and civilizations of America experienced cycles of expansion and contraction as they struggled with the challenges of environmental changes, population growth, social conflicts and war. How to cite People and Civilizations of the Americas, Essays