Report (addressing the key issues surrounding financial and marketing Essay

Report (tending to the key issues encompassing money related and advertising uses of the board data framework - Essay Example MIS frameworks empower associations to change unmanageable volumes of information into designs that bolsters quicker dynamic. Quicker dynamic engages associations with the ability to make due in today’s quickly changing business condition. MIS frameworks likewise empowers associations run reenactments dependent on crude information which permits them to respond to ‘what if’ questions with respect to their procedure. Extensively, MIS increase data utility across anâ organization. Data accessibility is essentialâ to the dynamic procedure at all degrees of the association: useful, operational and vital. In this conversation we will take a gander at the key issues encompassing utilization of MIS in two significant business forms, in particular: advertising and money. Showcasing the board data frameworks (MkIS) are automated frameworks intended to help the accessibility of data required to guarantee successful promoting exercises of an association. These requirements of the association must be met by the promoting data frameworks on the off chance that it furnishes the association with operational, systematic and cooperative usefulness (Harmon 2003). The operational needs angle is tended to by the client the executives applications that emphasis on day by day client exchanges and client support. The investigative capacity is finished by MkIS choice emotionally supportive networks that empower information examination on factors influencing the economic situations, for example, clients, rivalry and innovation. The community oriented MkIS applications make it simpler for supervisors to share data and work together essentially. Additionally, it helps with urging associations to work together with their clients on item structures and inclinations. Overseeing advertising data by methods for IT has gotten an imperative component of powerful showcasing. MkIS offer new methodologies for improving the inward efficiencies of a firm particularly with

Corporate Social Responsibility with HIV / AIDS Drugs :: Social Responsibility Essays

â€Å"Each year, only three maladies slaughter 5.4 million individuals around the world. Intestinal sickness slaughters in any event one million, basically in creating nations, with 90% of the passings in Africa. Tuberculosis causes 1.9 million passings a year, practically every one of them in creating nations, where protection from the five significant enemy of tubercular medications is spreading. A few 400,000 of the tuberculosis casualties are likewise HIV positive. The yearly loss of life for HIV/Aids is practically 2.5 million, with about 1.8 million moved in the Sub-Saharan Africa† The Times Higher 20/07/01 Evaluate the duties of the pharmaceutical organizations for giving minimal effort medications to the needy individuals in the creating nations. There is no commonly acknowledged definition for corporate social duty (CSR), albeit different scholars have endeavored to deduce one. One valuable definition is given by Archie Carroll (1979): ‘The social duty of business incorporates the monetary, legitimate, moral and optional desires that society has of associations at a given point in time’ Another definition is offered by Kok et al: ‘The commitment of the firm to utilize its assets in approaches to profit society, through submitted interest as a citizen, considering the general public everywhere and improving the government assistance of society everywhere free of direct gains of the company.’ An elective definition by Frederick et al (1988): ‘business and society are related and exist together, with business utilizing society's assets and, thus, satisfying financial needs and changing social objectives Thus, business and society are limited by a proportional implicit understanding which is viewed as the center thought of corporate social responsibility† These definitions epitomize the idea that business has a duty to society all in all, beside the essential benefit amplifying thoughts directed by conventional free-showcase hypothesis. in direct differentiate from the old style financial feeling of expanding investor riches (Friedman, 1970) that it is a ‘fundamentally an incendiary doctrine’. In the pharmaceutical business has ia framework that produces tranquilizes in two classifications. Class A would incorporate medications for conditions like

100% Completion

100% Completion HELLO WORLD and welcome to my playthrough of a new game college! I’m streaming/blogging live from MIT and I’m indescribably excited to start playing. The game takes a pretty long time to complete, but it’s choose your own adventure, and there are an infinity of options to choose from. There are also many ways to play. Sure, you COULD just beat the dungeons to get your hands on the prized diploma, but it’s way more fun to complete all the sidequests as well. What are sidequests? Well, they’re smaller quests you can complete alongside the main quest (which is, of course, graduation), and often, they make the game a lot more interesting. Completing all the sidequests means that you’ve 100%ed the game in other words, you got the fullest possible experience. This particular game has a ridiculous amount of sidequests, so I’m going to list the ten that I definitely want to complete. Some of them are easy, and others are a little harder, but if I can finish all of them, I’ll consider myself decently on my way to 100%ing MIT. So, without further ado: Sidequest 1: Learn the building numbers. It irks me that after almost two weeks of not leaving this campus one single time, I consistently have no idea what building I’m in. The long term goal is to be able to correctly fill in a blank map of MIT with all the numbers, which will probably take forever, so bear with me here. Sidequest 2: Get my Pirate Certificate. To be honest, this is pretty much an irl sidequest. Unfortunately, it can be pretty hard to complete gym registration usually opens at 8 AM, and when I logged in at 8:01, there were already 16 people on the waitlist for sailing. Sidequest 3: Collect 60 free t-shirts. I’m expecting this to be one of the easier ones. I’ve already hoarded around six of them, and I’ve barely been here two weeks. I’m preparing to double my collection at the Career Fair, which is apparently the prime spot to stock up on free stuff (and probably job opportunities if you’re into that). Sidequest 4: Get a cool internship/externship. I’m a likely Course 6-3 (that’s computer science in MITese), but I don’t know what I’d like to work on within the CS sphere. However, if you asked me right now where I would want to intern, I would say Square Enix (because they do COOL THINGS with video games, and also because I am the biggest Final Fantasy fan on Earth) and the Jet Propulsion Lab (because they make things FLY into SPACE). Sidequest 5: Pull a cool hack. Extra hard mode: meet Jack Florey. Sidequest 6: Study abroad as many times as physically possible. Preferably in Japan as many of you will find out in blogs-to-come, Japan is my city and studying Japanese is one of my favorite things to do. I’ve studied abroad there twice and am dying to return! Luckily, MIT has an abundance of awesome study abroad programs, so I’m confident that I’ll make it back sometime within my four years here. Sidequest 7: *serious* Beat Imposter’s Syndrome. This is definitely A Thing. I attended a large public school, and was accustomed to getting solid grades and being Good At Stuff. But all it took was one step onto campus, and suddenly I was surrounded by peers who are Better At Stuff and not infrequently, The Best At Stuff, which is both inspiring and moderately terrifying. Sidequest 8: Survive the winter without a winter coat. One of the many reasons East Campus is the BEST DORM is that it is a 15 second dash to the nearest building, and also very close to MIT’s underground tunnel systems. In theory, there is no need for winter jackets, which is amazing because I think that they are poofy monstrosities. (Extra hard mode: survive the winter in just a t-shirt and basketball shorts, like most of the guys at my high school.) Sidequest 9: Build a thing. I have always been terrible at building anything (even with Legos), and I feel obligated as an MIT student to build SOMETHING during my time here. Currently, the closest I’ve gotten to building anything is standing in the East Campus courtyard and staring in awe as my dormmates constructed an entire rollercoaster for REX. One day, I too aspire to work on said rollercoaster. (Extra hard mode: build a thing that can kill cockroaches.) Sidequest 10: Find something I genuinely love to do. I consider this the mega boss of sidequests. You can complete the game and have a perfectly fulfilling experience without beating it, but you won’t have 100%-ed the game unless you do. This is my ultimate goal, and I’m hoping that four years will be enough to achieve it. And there you have it! We’ve got quite a lot of ground to cover, so buckle down it’s going to be an interesting playthrough. Thanks for joining me and I hope you’ll keep watching! Post Tagged #Course 6-3 - Computer Science #East Campus #Imposter's Syndrome #PE #Pirate Certificate #REX

Environmental Health Research On Humans - Ethical Issues

Environmental Health Research on Humans – Ethical Issues Since the United States approved the regulations that controls the research on human subjects in 1970s, there have been many discussions and arguments concerning this approval on research on humans; the issues focuses clinical research like the risk management, the use of substances (drugs) with no therapeutic effect – placebos in a group, selecting random sample of a population, informed consent, adverse events and investigation on susceptible populations. â€Å" Most of those controversial researches no human subjects were the Department of Energy’s secret human radiation experimental exercise, HIV research in developed countries, and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study have been about medical†¦show more content†¦The environmental health research that involves humans is divided into observational and experimental. The first is a method of studies that collects information about human subjects in the natural environment; while the later deals with collecting informa tion on human subjects in a controlled condition. The design that is frequently used in observational research includes case-control studies, group studies, and cross-sectional studies and this design is mostly used in epidemiological and medical research. Under the case-control study, the investigators gather information on the environmental exposures of these groups of people with disease over a specific period of time and those people with similarity to the cases which do not have the disease in question. The group study investigators would follow one with particular characteristics like environmental exposure for a long time that ranges from 10 years or more, and the investigators would also follow the other comparison group who do not have the characteristics. And â€Å"in these studies, the investigators is attempting to determine if observed group differences between the groups, e.g. cases vs. cohort vs. control, are due to

Disadvantages of Business Process Outsourcing Essay

In the recent decade, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has become a usual business phenomenon from a new business strategy in the bank industry around the world. Banks are increasingly outsourcing more activities to third parties and relying more heavily on vendors now more than ever before. (Deloitte, 2012) The Swiss bank UBS is not an exception. Since UBS set up the UBS India Service Centre in Hyderabad in 2006, parts of its back-office and middle-office functions have been outsourced to lower-cost places during the following years, such as India, China, Philippine and Poland. Most recent news says that UBS will begin outsourcing its fixed income trading platform to two technology groups in an attempt to save costs. (Reuters, 2014)†¦show more content†¦BPO that is contracted outside a companys country is called offshore outsourcing (Tas, J. Sunder, S. , 2004) Offshore outsourcing represents one aspect of how globalization is occurring in the current economies. Globalization is the interdependency of transportation, distribution, communication, and economic networks across international borders. (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske, 2009) It means that the labor supply market is globalized and that cross-cultural management can become essential and more important than ever before. BPO is not simply moving jobs to a distant country and starting saving cost right away. BPO in the banking industry requires bank to provide on-site training, which normally takes from three months to a full year. (Overby, 2003) The training is a knowledge transfer process from one organization to another, which is necessary and critical to make sure the work can be transferred from onshore to offshore people smoothly. It’s a significant stage of outsourcing implementation, which may determine outsourcing will be a success or not. Below case shows how the offshore outsourcing is occurring during the implementation stage. Team A is UBS investment banking operations located in UK. It is planed to be offshore outsourced to an external company located in a foreign country. A team of offshore workers came to UK and started to learn tasks sitting beside their onshore partnersShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing888 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Outsourcing is an allocation of specific business processes to a specialist external service provider. Most of the times an organization cannot handle all aspects of a business process internally. Additionally some processes are temporary and the organization does not intend to hire in-house professionals to perform the tasks. Once the task is outsourced to the service provider, he will take the responsibility of carrying out the tasks and maintainingRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing1442 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing in the global marketplace? In these times of great globalization where many countries have erased their borders when it comes to trade outsourcing has become an option for many companies. Whether or not to outsource is a key question that companies must consider. According to the Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, â€Å"The decision to outsource or not is a matter of finding the right balance-the balance between managing labor costs, workflow, employeeRead MoreOutsourcing And Its Advantages For A Company1225 Words   |  5 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Outsourcing can have more disadvantages for a company if the company does not take major precautions before proceeding. The purpose of this report is to (1) identify major IT outsourcing risks. (2) How to minimize the risk to out rule the disadvantages. There are many steps to successful outsourcing; here are the main ones gathered from the research. †¢ Be discreet when selecting your vendor , analyse there previous work †¢ Consult with an attorney before signing the contract †¢ MakeRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Being a First Mover975 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of being a First Mover: The timing of entry to a particular market or industry is usually important because it helps in determining a companys returns on investment. First movers are described as the first entrants to offer or sell a new product or service category in a particular industry. Some of the major advantages of being a first mover include brand loyalty and technological leadership, exploiting the switching costs of buyers, preemption of scarce assets, andRead MoreBus 401 Mod 3 Case1108 Words   |  5 PagesTUI University BUS 401 Case Study Module 3 Dr. Yi Ling Abstract Outsourcing occurs when a company either buys products or services from outside sources or sends work to outside contractors versus doing it themselves. There are several advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing to include cost savings, sharing risk and developing better leaders internally. There are also some disadvantages like lack of quality control, loss of some management functions and losing the ability to buildRead MoreOutsourcing At Schaeffer : Outsourcing1707 Words   |  7 Pages Case Study 1 : Outsourcing at Schaeffer Gayathri Kadiyala Wilmington University TABLE OF CONTENTS Outsourcing definition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Concept of outsourcing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Outsourcing at Schaeffer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Outsourcing: Outsourcing is a process of a company obtaining the services from an outside vendor. 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Outsourcing has its advantages and disadvantages that organizations will have to weigh to decide whether or not outsourcing is the best possible solution to their current problems and business operations. Outsourcing refers to the process of hiring external provider to operate on a business or organization function (Venture Outsource, 2012). In this caseRead MoreOutsourcing HR: Assignment Instructions1175 Words   |  5 Pagescontractor to perform these functions for your company, you will be able to dictate only the results you wish to achieve. How to complete the tasks for you will be the prerogative of the contractor. Step 3 Evaluate the costs and benefits of outsourcing each task you are considering. This means conducting research on what a qualified contractor will charge to effectively perform the task on a regular basis. Then, you need to balance this cost against the impact the task has on your HR department

People and Civilizations of the Americas Free Essays

People and Civilizations of the Americas An ancient civilization called Mesoamerican of the Maya developed a written language which enabled scribes to record the important actions of rulers and military events. One of the scribes was called the Mayan Scribe. The Mayan Scribe used a complex writing system to record religious concepts and memorializes the actions of their kings. We will write a custom essay sample on People and Civilizations of the Americas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lady WacChanil-Ahau, the Maya princess, mounted a litter decorated with rich textiles and animal skins. The Mayans had a urban center called Dos Pilas. Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau’s destination was the Maya city of Naranjo, where she married a powerful nobleman. Her marriage was eliminated when the regions major military power Caracol, had defeated Naranjo. K’ ak Tiliw Chan Chaak, the son of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau, ascended the throne of Naranjo as a five-year-old in 693 C. E . Chaak was a prodigious builder, leaving behind an expanded and beautified capital as part of his legacy. He erected numerous carved stone monuments called stelae celebrated her life. The defeat of the city-states of Tikal and Naranjo by Caracol undermined long-standing commercial and political relations in much of southern Mesoamerica and led to more than a centaury of conflict. Caracol was challenged by the dynasty created at Dos Pilas by the heirs of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau. The two shared culture and religion, the great Maya cities stayed divided by the dynastic ambitions of their rulers and by the competition for resources. The people of the Americas were in constant competition for resources as the story of Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau’s marriage and her role in the development of the Maya dynasty suggested them. Member’s elites organized their societies to meet these challenges, even as their ambition for greater power predictably ignited new conflicts. No single set of political institutions or technologies worked in every environment, and enormous cultural diversity existed in the ancient Americas. Mesoamerica, which is Mexico and northern Central America and the Andean region extraordinarily productive and diversified agriculture. Cities were built that rivaled the capital of the Chinese and Roman Empire in size and beauty. The rest of the hemisphere, indigenous peoples adapted combinations of hunting and agriculture to maintain a wide variety of settlement patters, political forms, and cultural traditions. All cultures and civilizations of America experienced cycles of expansion and contraction as they struggled with the challenges of environmental changes, population growth, social conflicts and war. How to cite People and Civilizations of the Americas, Essays

Clays Quilt free essay sample

Brett Johnson Clay’s Quilt Chapter 23-25 Summary Analysis Chapter 23: Summary: The start of chapter 23 began with Alma talking to her sister, Evangeline, about how Clay has been acting since he shot and murdered Denzel. Alma describes Clay’s personality being completely dull ever since the incident, â€Å"all he does is come straight home from work and sits down in that chair and stays there the rest of the evening. † p. 253. Evangeline tries convincing Alma to talk Clay into leaving the area for a while to get Clay’s mind off the subject of Denzel’s death. Evangeline expresses that â€Å"time and distance is the only thing that can heal a wound. † P. 253. Finally Alma strikes up enough confidence to approach Clay and talk to him about leaving the area for a while just to clear his conscious. After Alma talks to Clay, he finally realizes that leaving the town for a couple days would be a good decision and agrees to leave with Alma. We will write a custom essay sample on Clays Quilt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Analysis: I think that this chapter plays a significant role in the book even though it is one of the shortest of the chapters. Throughout the chapter it is shown how much of an impact that the burden of Denzel’s murder plays on Clay. Alma, the person that Clay loves and cares for the most cannot even put a smile on Clay’s face with anything that she tries to do. Even Easter could not liven up Clay at all. Leaving Free Creek was a great idea that Evangeline gave to Alma, them leaving would hopefully get Clay’s mind off the subject of the murder and hopefully bring some life back into his personality. Even though Clay get extremely home sick when away from Free Creek for a little, Alma knows that this would be the best for both of them to leave and not worry about anything for a couple days. Chapter 24: Summary: This chapter opens up with Alma riding with Clay to the beach for a little break away from Free Creek like Alma suggested they do. Alma sees three crosses, one solid white and two others yellow, planted into a hillside of a mountain that grabbed her attention. These crosses served as a landmark of leaving Free Creek. In the second half of this chapter Clay is reminiscing about the memories he pieced together of his mothers murder. â€Å"Little flashes came to his eyes: the car fishtailing over icy roads, his mother’s gloved hands folded over his, the woman’s face turning into that of an old woman, sparks flying out of the end of a pistol, blood on the snow† p. 260 expresses the flashbacks he is having about his mothers murder when he was 4 years old. Analysis: This was also an important chapter in this novel. This chapter shows how Clay is still feeling about murdering Denzel. He is driving to the beach to escape from Free Creek, and to also escape the anxiety coming from the murder, but all along the way to the beach Clay seems to be completely blinded by everything along the ride, still haunted by the fact that he killed a man. The sentence â€Å"All that he could think about was the movie that played out in his mind the day he shot Denzel† p. 259 expresses that nothing could grab his attention, not even Alma, on the long ride to the beach. Anything he passed, anything Alma had said to him just did not trigger in his brain. The second half of the chapter brings back his memories of the day his mother was murdered and this is putting a bigger stress on himself because he feels he has done just as wrong Glenn did. He simply cannot forgive himself for the sin that he had done. Clay says on p. 255 â€Å" That’s the one thing I never wanted to do, kill somebody. The one thing I though I’d never have to do. † This let’s me to believe that he is in utter shock that he actually took somebodies life away just as his mothers was taken. If his mother was not killed by murder I don’t believe that him killing Denzel would have taken such a beating on him as it is doing now. Chapter 25: Summary: This chapter starts off with Clay and Alma arriving at the beach late at night. They both stood on the beach gazing out and admiring its true beauty. Neither of them had ever seen a beach in real life before so they were both amazed beyond belief. They noticed the differences between Free Creek and the beach that they were standing on, the way the water was moving, and the way the wind came about them.

Functions of Advertising

Functions of Advertising Free Online Research Papers There are Many Functions of Advertising Marketing It tries to help companies produce larger sales, less supply, and a possibility to introducen new products etc. It helps stores with faster turnover of old goods and it enables the use of media as an important source of funds for a normal business and contributes to their informaty. It enables a more qualitative choice between products to consumers. And it also helps society in general because it promotes economic development, encourages competition in quality and so adjustes it to be equal on an international market. Article 2: LEGALITY Advertising must not contain anything thats in contrary with law and must not leave out anything that law requires. Article 3: RESPECTABILITY Advertising must not contain anything that insults public in terms of dominant respectability rules. It must also not be in contrary with self-evident equality between genres or show a man, a woman or a child in an offensive way. Nudity and sexual implication that schok public or draw attention as well as pointless connection with the product is not acceptable. When nudity and sexual implication are connected with the message, it should not offense good taste. Article 4: HONESTY Advertising must not be so framed as to abuse the consumers trust, exploit their lack of experience or knowledge and to manipulate them. Article 5: REALITY Technical descriptions, claims and comparisons which are published in advertisements must be proven. If there comes to unusual claims that are not generaly known, advertisers and advertising agencies must take all responsibility for it if media requests that. Messages must not contain claims or visual images taht direcly or indirectly mislead the consumer about the purpose of the product or about the avertiser. Lies or exaggerations which try to amuse or draw attention are allowed only if this purpose is clear and not if its a fact that must be accepted as one. Research Papers on Functions of AdvertisingMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic Engineering

The Domestication of Maize in America

The Domestication of Maize in America Maize (Zea mays) is a plant of enormous modern-day economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Scholars agree that maize was domesticated from the plant teosinte (Zea mays spp. parviglumis) in central America at least as early 9,000 years ago. In the Americas, maize is called corn, somewhat confusingly for the rest of the English-speaking world, where corn refers to the seeds of any grain, including barley, wheat or rye. The process of maize domestication radically changed it from its origins. The seeds of wild teosinte are encased in hard shells and arranged on a spike with five to seven rows, a spike that shatters when the grain is ripe to disperse its seed. Modern maize has hundreds of exposed kernels attached to a cob which is completely covered by husks and so cannot reproduce on its own. The morphological change is among the most divergent of speciation known on the planet, and it is only recent genetic studies that have proven the connection. The earliest undisputed domesticated maize cobs are from Guila Naquitz cave in Guerrero, Mexico, dated about 4280-4210 cal BC. The earliest starch grains from domesticated maize have been found in the Xihuatoxtla Shelter, in the Rio Balsas valley of Guerrero, dated to ~9,000 cal BP. Theories of Maize Domestication Scientists have put forward two main theories about the rise of maize. The teosinte model argues that maize is a genetic mutation direct from teosinte in the lowlands of Guatemala. The hybrid origin model states that maize originated in the Mexican highlands as a hybrid of diploid perennial teosinte and early-stage domesticated maize. Eubanks has suggested a parallel development within the Mesoamerican interaction sphere between lowland and highland. Recently starch grain evidence has been discovered in Panama suggesting the use of maize there by 7800-7000 cal BP, and the discovery of wild teosinte growing in the Balsas river region of Mexico has lent support to that model. The Xihuatoxtla rockshelter in the Balsas river region reported in 2009 was discovered to contain domesticated maize starch granules in occupation levels dated to the Paleoindian period, more than 8990 cal BP. That suggests that maize may have been domesticated by hunter-gatherers thousands of years before it became a staple of peoples diets. The Spread of Maize Eventually, maize spread out from Mexico, probably by the diffusion of seeds along trade networks rather than migration of people. It was used in the southwestern United States by about 3,200 years ago, and in the eastern United States beginning about 2,100 years ago. By 700 AD, maize was well established up into the Canadian shield. DNA studies suggest that purposeful selection for various traits continued throughout this period, leading to the wide variety of species today. For example, 35 different races of maize have been identified in pre-Columbian Peru, including popcorns, flint varieties, and varieties for specific uses, such as chicha beer, textile dyes, and flour. Agricultural Traditions As maize was spread outside of its roots in central America, it became part of already existing agricultural traditions, such as the Eastern Agricultural complex, which included pumpkin (Cucurbita sp), chenopodium and sunflower (Helianthus). The earliest direct-dated maize in the northeast is the 399–208 cal BC, in the Finger Lakes region of New York, at the Vinette site. Other early appearances are Meadowcroft Rockshelter Archaeological Sites Important to Maize Archaeological sites of importance to the discussion of maize domestication include Central America:  Ã‚  Xihuatoxtla Shelter  (Guerrero, Mexico), Guila Naquitz (Oaxaca, Mexico) and  Coxcatlan Cave  (Tehuacan, Mexico)Southwest USA:  Bat Cave  (New Mexico),  Gatecliff Shelter  (Nevada)Midwest USA: Newt Kash Hollow (Tennesee)Northeast USA: Vinette (New York), Schultz (Michigan), Meadowcroft (Pennsylvania) Some Recent Maize Studies This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to  Plant  Domestications,  and part of the  Dictionary of Archaeology. Carpenter Slavens J, and Snchez G. 2013.  Los cambios ambientales del Holoceno Medio/ Holoceno Tardà ­o en el desierto de Sonora y sus implicaciones en la diversificacià ³n del Yuto-aztecano y la difusià ³n del maà ­z.  Dilogo Andino  41:199-210. Ellwood EC, Scott MP, Lipe WD, Matson RG, and Jones JG. 2013.  Stone-boiling maize with limestone: experimental results and implications for nutrition among SE Utah preceramic groups.  Journal of Archaeological Science  40(1):35-44. Freeman, Jacob. Crop Specialization, Exchange and Robustness in a Semi-arid Environment. Human Ecology, John M. Anderies, Andrea Torvinen, et al., Volume 42, Issue 2, SpringerLink, January 29, 2014. Gil AF, Villalba R, Ugan A, Cortegoso V, Neme G, Michieli CT, Novellino P, and Durn V. 2014.  Isotopic evidence on human bone for declining maize consumption during the little ice age in central western Argentina. Journal of Archaeological Science 49(0):213-227. Grimstead DN, Buck SM, Vierra BJ, and Benson LV. 2015.  Another possible source of archeological maize found in Chaco Canyon, NM: The Tohatchi Flats area, NM, USA.  Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports  3:181-187. Haas J, Creamer W, Huamn Mesà ­a L, Goldstein D, Reinhard KJ, and Vergel Rodrà ­guez C. 2013.  Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000-1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  110(13):4945-4949. Hart JP, and Lovis WA. 2013. Reevaluating What We Know About the Histories of Maize in Northeastern North America: A Review of Current Evidence. Journal of Archaeological Research  21(2):175-216 Killion TW. 2013.  Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity.  Current Anthropology  54(5):596-606. Matsuda, Masahiko. Upland Farming Systems Coping with Uncertain Rainfall in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar: How Stable is Indigenous Multiple Cropping Under Semi-Arid Conditions? Human Ecology 41, ResearchGate, December 2013. Reed PF, and Geib PR. 2013.  Sedentism, Social Change, Warfare, and the Bow in the Ancient Pueblo Southwest.  Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews  22(3):103-110. Snchez-Pà ©rez S, Solleiro-Rebolledo E, Sedov S, de Tapia EM, Golyeva A, Prado B, and Ibarra-Morales E. 2013.  The Black San Pablo Paleosol of the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico: Pedogenesis, Fertility, and Use in Ancient Agricultural and Urban Systems.  Geoarchaeology  28(3):249-267. Shillito, Lisa-Marie. Grains of truth or transparent blindfolds? A review of current debates in archaeological phytolith analysis. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Volume 22, Issue 1, SpringerLink, January 2013. Thompson V, Gremillion K, and Pluckhahn T. 2013.  Challenging the Evidence for Prehistoric Wetland Maize Agriculture at Fort Center, Florida.  American Antiquity  78(1):181-193. VanDerwarker A, Marcoux J, and Hollenbach K. 2013.  Farming and Foraging at the Crossroads: The Consequences of Cherokee and European Interaction Through the Late Eighteenth Century.  American Antiquity  78(1):68-88. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013.  Maize, beans and the floral isotopic diversity of highland Oaxaca, Mexico.  Journal of Archaeological Science  40(2):868-873.

Research Methods in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Methods in Education - Essay Example Qulittive reserch tends to be ssocited with prticipnt observtion nd unstructured, in-depth interviewing. The methods of dt collection with which qulittive reserch is ssocited hve been employed by socil scientists for mny yers. The best-known of these methods is prticipnt observtion, which entils the sustined immersion of the resercher mong those whom he or she seeks to study with view to generting rounded, in-depth ccount of the group, orgniztion, or whtever. Unstructured interviewing, in which the resercher provides miniml guidnce nd llows considerble ltitude for interviewees, is lso fvoured technique. Most prticipnt observers conduct t lest modicum of such interviewing, but some qulittive reserchers use it more or less exclusively. The ims of such interviewing re quite different from the fmilir survey pproch. While some qulittive reserchers mke use of n interview schedule, others operte with loose collection of themes which qulittive reserch strtegy ws used in this study becuse this method fits better the chosen topic. Prticipnt observtion nd unstructured interviewing re the centrl dt gthering plnks since in this wy it ws possible to get closer to the people tht were investigted nd be less inclined to impose inpproprite conceptul frmeworks on them. Quntittive reserch is ssocited with number of different pproches to dt co... qulittive reserch strtegy ws used in this study becuse this method fits better the chosen topic. Prticipnt observtion nd unstructured interviewing re the centrl dt gthering plnks since in this wy it ws possible to get closer to the people tht were investigted nd be less inclined to impose inpproprite conceptul frmeworks on them. Quntittive Reserch Quntittive reserch is ssocited with number of different pproches to dt collection. In sociology in prticulr, the socil survey is one of the min methods of dt collection which embodies the fetures of quntittive reserch to be explored below. The survey's cpcity for generting quntifible dt on lrge numbers of people who re known to be representtive of wider popultion in order to test theories or hypotheses hs been viewed by mny prctitioners s mens of cpturing mny of the ingredients of science. (Hirschi's 1969) In frmes of quntittive reserch tht dt re collected on cross-section of people t single point in time in order to discover the wys nd degrees to which vribles relte to ech other. 2.2. The popultion nd smpling Prticipnts were 3 techers completing their Msters degrees nd plnning to work s secondry school prctitioners. Interviews were conduscted during the week. Every meeting took bout 30 minutes. ll nswers were recorded nd then noted down on the pper. ll prticipnts where told it ws strictly confidentil nd the interviews where rrnged by myself, we communicted by telephone nd emil. 2.3. Piloting Leedy & Ormrod (2001) recommend the use of brief pilot study to test the vlidity nd relibility of mesurement instrument, developed for specific purpose nd never previously tested or used in prctice. The mesurement instrument used in this reserch ws subjected to pilot test. The min reson

Answer two questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer two questions - Essay Example Every individual has the decision to make with regard to the receiving the grace of God. For example we have a choice to receive or reject Jesus Christ. There are two doctrines that seek to expound the responsibility of God and man in the issue of salvation. According to Arminiasm, salvation is received through the efforts of both man and God. Mans response is therefore the main factor, because he has freewill. Therefore the provision of salvation is not for everyman (Picirilli 482). Man is the determining factor towards the gift of salvation. For example, God saved Adam but man still resisted his grace. According to the doctrine of Calvinism, salvation is determined by the power of God. God therefore determines who will receive salvation. Both are summed up in five points. Calvinism looks as atonement being unlimited and Arminism vice versa. The number of Christian denominations, in the United States are numerous, among them Lutheran, Evangelical, Orthodox among many others. Most Christian professes to love one another yet they cannot stand the ideals of others. Religious tolerance is an important aspect both to the believer and to the community because lack of tolerance leads to misunderstanding among the community who discriminate and ignore others who does not have the same common views and background. Majority of people do not know that religious tolerance promotes respect and understanding among different believers. In the world, all the big religions share the same basic rule, the culture as our golden rule, that promotes the concept of do onto others as you would like them do onto you. According to my views, this is a major teaching that demonstrates that these religions are not different from others much. In an example, Islamic tells us that Ishmael, who was Abraham’s son, was the patriarch of the Islamic religion. Jews also believes that Abraham’s son Isaac was their patriarch as he was a Jew like Abraham and so helped in spreading the Jewish

Aqualisa Quartz Showers Market and Business Analysis

Aqualisa Quartz Showers Market and Business Analysis 1 Introduction/Case study analysis Aqualisa quartz shower, the top, state of the art product of the Aqualisa, was launched in May 2001. Quartz was the result of the intense market research, fantastic piece of technology and design. The compatibility, ease of installation and reliability were popular among the plumbers while the beautiful design, stability of temperature and good pressure made it ideal for the consumers. Unexpectedly, despite of the Quartzs fantastic features, it did not get the overwhelming success that Aqualisa expected. 2 Consumer Behaviour The consumer behaviour with regards to its purchase of shower in UK was somewhat complex and problematic. Only 60% homes had showers. Gravity-fed plumbing meant slow water pressure (3 to 4 litters per min). Varying temperature was also a problem. The individual consumer market had various priorities (see the table (a) below).44% of UK market for shower was replacement shower. So there was a demand for durability. Similarly the do-it-yourself consumer was keener on convenience as well as value of the product. Property developers wanted a product which they could use in their developing properties which should not only be cheap but stylish and long lasting as well. The plumbers played very important role in the selection of showers for the consumers. Individual consumer market fell into three pricing segments Segments Shop from Priorities Premium Showrooms Quality and design Standard Plumber recommendations Quality and durability Value Plumber selection Convenience and price Table a Do It Yourselfers proffered to buy showers from BQ style chains, which were easy to install, despite of being bulky, within a day without any help. The property developers needed stylish an attractive design, cheap and which would work in multiple setting. Showermax was designed for them which were very popular among them. The plumbers preferred the apparatus with which they were familiar to avoid repeat plumbing. The lack of trust in electric shower because of previous failure made them sceptical about electric showers. 2.1 Market Players their Strategies In the UK the main players in terms of market share were Triton, Mira, Gainsborough, Aqualisa and Masco with 545,500, 390,000, 203,500, 122,000 and 120,000 sold units respectively.* Tritons simple strategy was to create awareness at consumer level. This strategy gave them an edge and as a result more trust was developed in the product. They had range of all three kinds of shower e.g. electric shower, mixer shower and power showers, so targeting several segments. The distribution of the products of particularly Triton and Mira, in all distribution channels was exceptionally well. 2.2 Swot Analysis The following is the swat analysis of the Aqualisa Quarts. Strengths 5% to 10% market growth High tech products Showers with better water pressures than the competitors Brilliant, researched based designs Innovative products(e.g. Quartz) No 2 in mixing valve and 3 in over all UK market. Good service provider Popular in plumbers Elegant designs and Clever products Weakness 10% products still goes faulty Should be available in up to 90% of trade shop, show rooms and out lets. Weak marketing strategy for Quarts as the sale forces for Aqualisa spends 90% of time on maintaining existing account while the 10% on developing new customers Opportunities brand awareness Maximum sales and profits in case of Quartz success. Market leaders in innovative showers products Road to new inventions and ideas Leave the competitors behind Threats Other competitors catching up to Aqualisas product quality Perception of the product as overpriced Too much focus on innovation thus spending more money on inventions and ignoring core issues like providing basic service to customers.(10% items still goes faulty) 3 The Product development and launch process for Aqualisa Quartz Aqualisa was a respectable company with a 25% net return on sales and 5% to 10% growth in the market*. Despite the fact that the company was at the third position in the market as a whole and was considered respectable and reliable, it was feared by the company that the rivals may well beat them if they dont come up with something innovative and novel. The managing director Harry Rawlinson organised (RD) Research and Development team of Aqualisas sales and marketing Directors, market researchers, Cambridge scientists, and top industrial designers*. All the experts through brain storming and market research came up with the idea of the product which involved a small apparatus installed remotely in order to mix water. This idea was very powerful as the product installation wouldnt require excavation. After feedback from the 60 consumer field test sites and three years of development and expenditure of around  £5.8 million Quartz was developed. It cost the company from  £175 to $230 to make*. The Aqualisa was launched in the major showrooms like Bathroom Expo in London in May 2001 and was awarded fist prize. There were good and positive reviews about the product in the news papers. The fact that the product had good flow of water, very convenient and fast to install and accurate temperature control made it a popular product. Quartz was on the covers of major trade journals. There was a single time add run in news paper on Sunday too. 3.1 Positioning Strategies and Marketing mix The positioning strategy of the Aqualisa quarts was complicated. Following chart would show some pros and cons of the Positioning of the Quartz. Positioning Pros Cons 1 Targeting Consumer Directly If the consumers were targeted directly there was a good chance of the revitalization and an increase in the sale of the product once aware of the advantages of the product. Insist /influence the plumbers to use the Quartz. The advertisement would cost  £3 to  £4 million in two years 2 Targeting Do It Yourselfers Quartz was so easy to install that anybody could do it easily, so if advertised to d.i.y market could be beneficial. If advertised as premium value product the partner like BQ could help boost the advertising campaign too. If the item was associated with the d.i.y products it would never take its premium position. It was too good to take place of value product. 2 Targeting Developers Large- volume channel Developers would enforce more plumbers to install quarts so plumbers would get more confidence about Quartz Never accepted Aqualisa product even at 50% discount No guarantee that reducing price would defiantly attract them. Table c McCarthy (1999) classified the tools that constitute the Marketing mix, into four famous Ps Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. In case of Aqualisa Quartz as a Product it was a fantastic piece of technology and art. It was ticking all the boxes for what the consumer wanted. The plumbers regarded it as a wonderful product because of the ease of installation. It was innovative, state of art product. Quartz was premium Priced. The price was high because of the Quartz being innovative and state of the art product. It wouldnt be long when the competitors would be following the same route and may price their product even higher, so just because the Quartz did not get the overwhelming success in its first phase of launch, the price should not be reduced. Place; the Quartz was distributed to various channels e.g. trade shops and showrooms etc. There were a good number of plumbers working for Aqualisa who were also introduced to the product. They loved the ease of installation as it took half a day to install. In spite of that very few sale were made. Promotion; the product at the time of launch was exhibited in London in May 2001 at Bathroom expo. It was given first prise for being a fantastic product*. Similarly a single time add in the mail on Sunday magazine was run. Major news papers and trade magazines had it on its front pages. Still the promotion was not enough to make the product successful as it failed to target the potential buyer. 4 Reasons of Failure of Aqualisa Quartz in the initial phase There were many reasons to the failure of the product despite its fantastic qualities and innovations. Some of the reasons are listed below. The Quartz was an innovative and fantastic product but it was considered an expensive product. Although the price was high but the product deserved a higher price being so distinctive than traditional products in market. The twenty sales personal would spend mere 10% of time on gaining new customers while 90% on maintaining old customers. Obviously more than 10% of time was required to attain new customers. Reluctance of the Plumbers to accept electric showers due to previous failure of the electric shower so they were eager to try Quartz. Consumers often had to force the plumber to install the Quartz for them. But once they installed it they were converted and were convinced that it was a brilliant product. Weak positioning also created a vague image of the product as the plumbers were sceptical and the individual consumers were not fully aware of the advantages the product was offering. The Marketing mix of the product was also not perfectly well executed as the item was although available through main channels but little work was done on the promotion of the product. At the time of launch it was exhibited at the London Expo and it won the first prise and it was on the front pages of trade magazines, still it was not enough. Intense marketing at individual level was also required for the awareness and promotion of the product. 4.1 Strategies to revive the product Following strategies could revive Quartz. Segmenting the market and Targeting the independent plumbers which constituted the 54% of the UK market*, was of core importance. A vigorous marketing was needed to target them. The plumbers were sceptical of using the electric showers but once they used Quartz they were converted. Targeting 54% of the market could be really beneficial for the company. Following this strategy the Quartz could dominate as a successful product up to 90% of plumbers who made 100% of decision for 54% of market in the. change the perceptions of the consumers particularly property developing market which constituted 20% of the UK market (source Aqualisa). Once the independent plumbers were converted then that would eventually change the status of the product as a reliable and efficient. Availability of Quartz in max no Show rooms, Trade shops and D.I.Y sheds. According to the UK shower market in 2000, total electric shower units sold in show rooms was 55,000 *. It was important to make sure that the Quartz is present in max no of showrooms and. Similarly 330,000 electric units were sold by the trade shops and a good no of plumbers were working for these shops*. The presence of the product in the trade shops would mean better chances of exposure to the consumer. The D.I.Y sheds like BQ could promote the Quartz as a premium high quality product with the benefit to install independently. The sale of electric shower in UK at D.I.Y sheds in 2000 was the max i.e. 550,000*. If the product was placed in the D.I.Y sheds with the help of BQ promotions it could get the success it deserved. Launch an intense marketing campaign was vital to target the consumer directly. Once the product is successful the profit would cover the costs of marketing. Only one time add in magazine is not enough. Electronic media e.g. TV and radio should run advertisements for the product. Microsoft launched a massive $500 million marketing campaign, when it introduced the original Xbox, promoting the new product through in store merchandising, retailer incentives, events and sponsorship in addition to traditional advertising. (Alice z. 2004) Position Quartz as a family product. In the showrooms once the individuals with families had a look, they bought it as it was perfect and safe for all ages. Targeting the consumer directly through advertisement would let the families realised that the Quartz is a family need. Brand awareness would attract the families, plumbers, D.I.Yers and property developers as they would become aware of the product benefits. Justify high price by emphasising the qualities of the Quartz. Promotional low prices temporarily for the new buyers particularly the property developers. Once they plumbers used the product they were converted. So by low promotional prices would attract massive audience who could be converted as well. To increase the 20 person sales force. To increase from 10% to at least 50% of time to spend on new customers attainment. 5 Conclusion Aqualisa Quartz despite of the fact that it was a fantastic product, it failed to achieve the success it deserved in the beginning. The product was such an innovation that it should have made records of best selling product. The push button technology, ease of installation, stable temperature and ideal water pressure made it ideal shower. It was safe to use with children as well as with elderly. Aqualisa was expecting huge sales but the results were rather disappointing when there were only few sales in the first phase. Robert Lauterborn (1990) suggested that the sellers four Ps correspond to the customers four Cs. Four Ps Four Cs Product Customer solution Price Customer cost Place Convenience Promotion Communication. The Quartz was a fantastic Product and it was offering perfect customer solution. Similarly the price was just ok for the product as it was one in all products. And customer would pay high Price for an item if it is fit for purpose and providing the luxury at the same time. Thats when the Promotion comes in. But at the same time Quartz needed wright positioning and good marketing to attract the consumer. The product was available through trade shops, Showrooms and D.I.Y sheds. The plumbers working for the Aqualisa were also introduced to the product. Still more was needed. So if all the strategies listed above are tried, it should not take long when the Quartz would be on its way to success.

J.S. Bach Flute Sonata in B Minor: the Development of the Baroque Flute

J. S. Bach Flute Sonata in B minor (BWV 1030): the development of the Baroque Flute, the flautists and the music Johann Sebastian Bach (J. S. Bach) is no doubt one of the greatest composers of all times. He composed many works for flute including works for solo flute, flute with harpsichord and/or continuo and, two flutes and harpsichord. However, there has been a controversy, over the flute works, whether they were composed solely by the composer, assisted by someone or under the guidance of J.S. Bach. In addition, some scholars doubted that some of works are not written for flute and they are actually transcribed for flute by the composer. Especially, the Sonata in B minor (BWV 1030) raises most number of controversies. The J. S. Bach flute compositions are standard repertoire for the flute even today. As a professional flute player, it is very important to have comprehensive knowledge on the background of these works because they directly affect the way of interpreting them.By rev iewing the development of Baroque flute and analyzing the time period of the compositions would greatly help flutists to have a deeper understanding on these important repertoire in flute especially the B minor sonata (BWV 1030). The development of the instrument, Baroque flute, plays no doubt very important role on influencing the work written for it. The difference in range, tonality, mechanisms greatly affect the compositions written for it. Unlike other wind instruments, the Baroque flute was developed later than others.Since it is made differently, it is definitely impossible to apply the styles of other instruments on the Baroque flute. Some research suggested that J. S. Bach has little familiarity of the flute and flute players because, although the style of the compositions are similar to the other pieces of the composer, the flute works do not show that he understands the characteristic and the quality of the instrument. 1 And, the lack of knowledge of the flute would proba bly be because the composer did not listen much works for flute and meet flutists in where he worked.As mentioned above, the development of Baroque Flutes has great impact on how the pieces were written for it. Consequently, it is impossible to overlook this element when doing this research. â€Å"Flute† is a general term for a large and diverse woodwind instrumental family of which players blow air across the surface of any hollow object to produce sound. The appearance of the instrument, not only in western music, is found all over the globe like di-zi in China. 2 In Western music, flute plays an important role from ancient Greek music to contemporary music nowadays. The design, uses and playing styles keep changing even today.As one of the oldest instruments in Western music, â€Å"flutes† first appear in a picture of a shepherd playing the flute from the sermons of St Gregory of Nazianzus in a manuscript of early eleventh century. 3 It is mostly associated with nat ure and pastoral life. In Renaissance, flute was one of the instruments in mixed ensemble. More importantly, it played a notable role in sacred concerti or sacred symphonies. Johann Hermann Schein (1586-1630), one of J. S. Bach’s predecessors, composed seven ensemble works that featured a transverse flute which is always assigned to the second voice.This tradition went on to the Baroque era and solo flute works became more popular from 1670. There were large changes in its mechanisms. The new instrument is now built in three or four sections instead of one piece; it is modified from a large cylindrical bore to a conical bore in which the diameter of the headpiece was greater than the foot piece which improves the tuning of the upper notes; most importantly, one key was added in the foot piece so there is an extra note which the little finger of the right hand cannot reach originally and it produces the new note d#’. These inventions are very important. However, there i s a common misunderstand, however, regarding â€Å"the flute† as a single instrument. In fact, it refers to an instrumental family in the Baroque Period. There are, generally speaking, eight different kinds of flutes including concert flute, descant flute and flute d’amour. Different kinds of flutes appeared in different pitches. 5 In the music that Bach wrote for flute, he did not, like all the composers at that period of time, specify the type of flute they writing for.In addition, there is a possibility that different flutes were used in different performances. All flutes were written as if they were in the key of D especially in the first quarter of the 18th century. As a result, it is difficult to judge which flute the composer had in mind from the music. 6 In the journal â€Å"J. S. Bach's Compositions for Solo Flute: A Reconsideration of Their Authenticity and Chronology† by Robert L. Marshall, he suggests: â€Å"It is still widely believed that Bach wro te eight works for the solo flute.But the view that has prevailed among Bach specialists for the past fifteen years is that the rather similar Sonatas for flute and harpsichord obbligato in G Minor (BWV I020) and E Flat Major (BWV io31) were probably composed by someone else-most likely Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach–and that the Sonata in C Major for flute and continuo (BWV 1033) was written by one-or two-of Bach's students (one of them, again, might have been Emanuel Bach), presumably in part under the composer's active supervision and intervention. † 7 This suggestion probably comes from the lack of normal musical style in his writing.Moreover, his writing shows no understanding of the qualities of the instrument. However, this argument seems invalid when considering the type of flute Bach was written for. The first flute solo work by Bach, Partita in a minor (BWV 1013), was written between about 1720 and 1730. He was one of the first German composers who started composin g music for solo flute. This may be stimulated by the new four-piece design of the Baroque flute. The instrument has an advanced feature to have an extended footjoint giving the note c’ however, Bach did not use this new feature in his B minor flute sonata (BWV 1030).Also, its middle joint has different length and can be replaced so that the pitch of the instrument can be altered to accommodate different pitches in different areas. Moreover, it now has a clearer and accurate tone. Fast passages and big leaps can now be played with ease. 8 This is probably one of the reasons why there are more compositions for solo flute. In addition to the development of the instrument, flautists’ involvement plays another crucial role in flute music composition. Bach first work with flute players in Cothen. The Prince of Cothen happened to be a keen musician ho was not in favor of elaborate church music, so Bach concentrated on instrumental music. Interestingly, the flautists were con sidered assets to the court because the salaries of the flautists in the courts were around three times higher than other musician. And, in this Cothen period (1717-1723), flute appeared as a solo instrument in his Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 (1719) and the B minor Suite for flute (BWV 1067). 9 Later, the â€Å"violinlization† of music in Paris was taken place of which a style characterized by constant semiquaver and arpeggiated passagework in Dresden. This style was achieved by the new Baroque flute.Bach moved to Leipzig in 1723 and he met new flautists there and started composing a large amount of flute chamber music. They begin with the Flute sonata in E minor (BWV 1034) dated c. 1724. Then, the later works are the C major (c. 1731), Eb major (1730-34), B minor and A major sonatas (c. 1736). These pieces seem match well with the larger-bored four-joint flutes with the most effective range. 10 However, two of Bach’s flute chamber works do raised some questions with th e fact that if they were written for flute because there is more than one score written by the composer and they seem not written for flute.They are the sonata in B minor (BWV 1030) and sonata in G minor (BWV 1020). The sonata BWV 1030 is the most important one. There are two scores written for the keyboard part, one in B minor and the other one in G minor. Some Oboists claimed that the G minor is the original version of the sonata for oboe and it is transposed for flute later in B minor. However, there is evidence that flute was a transposing instrument and there is no reason for Bach to write two separate version of music for different instrument. But, as mentioned before, Baroque flute is a family of instruments.There is a possibility that the piece is written for flute but that is not the concert flute. Every instrument’s ideal sound is to emulate the â€Å"singing quality† of the human voice – the music was written in a range that more suitable in lower ran ge flutes. The sonata in B minor (BWV 1030) particularly has a strong vocal quality which may suggests that the flute part is actually written for the flute d’amour. Like his Church Cantatas, the flute obbligatos part is intended for the d’amour. 11 Flute d’amour is an alto instrument tuned to D at French Chamber pitch.It sounds a major or minor 3rd below the normal pitch of harpsichords, and played at transpositions. But, this is a French tradition of transposing the pieces in the â€Å"Clef francoise† with the G on the bottom line. As a result, Bach wrote two separate scores for the flute and keyboard parts in his flute sonata in G minor based on the â€Å"Clef italienne†. It is understood by the flautists who worked with Bach and they should recognize it at a glance. 12 To conclude, the B minor flute sonata (BWV 1030) by Bach is written for flute, Flute d’amour precisely.It raised much doubt about this because the composers of the time di d not specified what kind of flute they wrote for. And, nowadays, with misunderstanding that â€Å"Baroque flute† is a term for a single instrument, people may suggest that this flute piece is not suitable for a particular Baroque flute. However, with a clearer picture of the development of the Baroque flute family, the intention of Bach to write two separate scores and the common practice of the flautists those days, the Sonata in B minor should probably be intended for the Baroque flute, the flute d’amour.

Most Noticeable Descriptive Essay Samples for High School

Most Noticeable Descriptive Essay Samples for High School Moreover, the typical uniform can help quit bullying that became a huge trouble for high-schools nowadays. There are a few topics which are absolutely unseen and students find difficulty in locating the correct direction and method of information collection. Moreover, a school uniform it's a wonderful choice for families with low income. Build a connection by means of your writing. Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the very best service for everything you will need to understand about how to select the best writing businesses. When you locate a service you prefer, don't neglect to look at my review of it. If you like it is possible to look online and find one that you like. The purpose of these online writing service providers is clients' satisfaction so that they are always prepared to provide lots of time to all their customers. Tell the class they're likely to understand how to compo se descriptive essays employing each of their senses. They might have to keep up an excellent grade average to guarantee they get in the school of their selection. Again, you're likely to want to paint a photo in your. Sure, many students discover that it's much simpler to copy somebody else's paper fully or partly. It shouldn't be too broad or complicated as you must create a brief text and won't have the ability to explain everything in details. To distinguish between the kinds of essays is only a matter of identifying the author's objective. A personal narrative essay needs to be engaging, meaning you need to include great ideas with the important points of information. You would want to opt for a great topic so that you are able to write a good. Generally the toughest facet of developing a descriptive essay is picking the topic. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Persuasive essay samples which you will find today on the blog support the notion of high-school students wearing uniform, however in case you use our custom-writing services that you can get a sample of persuasive essay that argues against the subject. Summing up, writing a brief essay appears to be a simple undertaking for many young men and women, but they generally underestimate the time and efforts, which are necessary for the creation of such a paper. What Everybody Dislikes About Descriptive Essay Samples for High School and Why A descriptive essay conclusions should supply the reader with a mental picture of a specific matter. Descriptive essays may be the easiest essays to write, when you produce a great topic. A superior descriptive essay comes out of a knowledgeable and imaginative mind. Descriptive essay writing should not be an issue, read features of descriptive essays writing to think of an ideal bit of work. There's quite a few essays completed by them. 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Descriptive Essay Samples for High School Secrets Writing is not only for those that are studying nor for your teachers. Students cannot dismiss the Structure of Descriptive Essay because it's vital portion of any writing academic course. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. Be certain to inspect the Teacher's Notes. Unfortunately, nearly all students discover that short essay is extremely simple to write and it can be completed in 10 minutes. This essay gives students the chance to showcase their writing abilities. Scholarship essays shouldn't be considered a burd en since they are your gateway to land entrance into a prestigious university with plenty of benefits and perks that have the scholarship. Today several such on-line sites are available which are ready to aid students with any sort of difficult essay topics within any time given. 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Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes - 1394 Words

Throughout Langston Hughes novel, Not Without Laughter, the author introduces multiple characters that reveal their notions of prejudice. The novel explores that prejudice in one form or another is in every aspect of ones life. Prejudice can be defined as an opinion for or against a persons look, race, class, or religion, which is usually formed by a hasty generalization. Most of the main characters, Aunt Hager, Sister Johnson, Jimboy, Harriet, and Tempy contain different accounts of prejudice in the world, which stimulate many of Sandys thoughts of life as he comes of age. Aunt Hager, Annjee, Harriet, and Sandy, are a multi-generation poor African American family that live in a small home together but are eventually divided by multiple circumstances. The story takes place during the 1910s in the small town of Stanton, Kansas. The first character introduced in the novel is Aunt Hager, an older Christian Baptist woman who was once a slave. She is the grandmother and advocate of one boy named, Sandy and mother of three girls named: Tempy, Annjee, and Harriet. Aunt Hager, even though she was once a slave, throughout the book she shows sympathetic tendencies toward white people. On many occasions she defends how white people treat African Americans, explaining that they just dont understand or comprehend their horrendous treatment toward people of color. Although she defends white people, she has no problem in forming prejudice against her son-in-law Jimboy. Jimboy isShow MoreRelatedNot without Laughter by Langston Hughes1391 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel, â€Å"Not without Laughter,† Langston Hughes uses the narrators voice and the thoughts and dialogue of the character Sandy to explore social stratification. Specifically, the class relationships in American society through Sandys experiences wit h the 3 sisters of the novel: Annjee, Tempy and Harriett. The sensibilities, style and intuitive feel of these 3 characters communicates to the reader that each one represents a different means of living, reflective of three prominent social strataRead MorePrejudice in Langston Hughes Novel, Not Without Laughter1387 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Langston Hughes novel, Not Without Laughter, the author introduces multiple characters that reveal their notions of prejudice. The novel explores that prejudice in one form or another is in every aspect of ones life. Prejudice can be defined as an opinion for or against a persons look, race, class, or religion, which is usually formed by a hasty generalization. Most of the main characters, Aunt Hager, Sister Johnson, Jimboy, Harriet, and Tempy contain different accounts of prejudiceRead More Prejudice in Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Prejudice is a cancer that spreads hate among its perpetrators and victims alike. In 1930 Langston Hughes penned the novel, Not Without Laughter. This powerful story, written from the perspective of an African-American boy named James â€Å"Sandy† Rodgers, begins in the early 1900’s in the small town of Stanton, Kansas. Through the eyes of young Sandy, we see the devastating impact of racism on his family and those they are close to. We also see how the generations of abuse by whites caused a divideRead MoreEssay on The Poetry of Langston Hughes During the Harlem Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pagesartistic movement it was. II. Langston Hughes â€Å"I’ve known rivers ancient as the world and older Than the flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers.† â€Å"I’ve Known Rivers†-Langston Hughes James Mercer Langston Hughes, (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was born in Joplin, Missouri, to James Nathaniel and Caroline Hughes in 1902. Hughes’ parents were of mixed-race, and Langston Hughes was of African American, EuropeanRead MoreJames Mecer Langston Hughes: Literary Genius1763 Words   |  8 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. James Hughes and Carrie Langston are Hughes’ parents. They later divorced when Hughes was young. After his parents divorced he went to live with his grandmother until he turned thirteen years old. At thirteen years old he moved to Lincoln, Illinois. After living in Illinois he later moved to Cleveland, Ohio to live with his mother. When he moved to Cleveland he started writing poetry (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 2). Langston had manyRead MoreEssay on The Use of Laughter in Poetry by Langston Hughes2140 Words   |  9 PagesThe Use of Laughter in Poetry by Langston Hughes Jessie Fauset explains in her essay The Gift of Laughter that black comedy developed not as a method for blacks to make people laugh, but as a necessary emotional outlet for black people to express their struggles and hardships. The funny man took on a much more serious emotion than appeared on the surface level. Comedy was one of the few means black people had available to them to express themselves. The paradoxical definition ofRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry649 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes, the most memorable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, wrote everything from plays, short stories, novels, and most importantly poetry. Hughes’ writing is based on his personal views on frustration that he had towards the plight of African Americans. Langston has no fear with anything he is involved in and stood up for his people. Unfortunately, his people responded negatively towards his actions, for they thought he was creating more racial tensions. Nevertheless, this w as not Hughes’Read MoreEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began writing poetry in the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to make a living as at writingRead More Langston Hughes Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. He was named after his father, James Hughes, but was known as Langston. He was the only child from his parents James and Carrie Hughes. His parents were not married for long because of an unhappy marriage. When they separated, Langston was left with his mother, who left him behind to move from city to city to find work. Langston ended up living with his 70 year-old grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. He livedRead MoreLangston Hughes Biography1058 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"James Mercer Langston Hughes, known as Langston Hughes was born February 2, 1902 in Missouri, to Carrie Hughes and James Hughes.† Years later his parents separated. Langston’s father moved to Mexico and became very successful, as his for mother, she moved frequently to find better jobs. As a child growing up Langston spent most of his childhood living with his grandmother named Mary Langston in Lawrence, Kansas. Mary Langston was a learned women and a participant in the civil rights Movement. When